Adenomyosis is a condition of the uterus where the tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus, called the endometrium, begins to grow into the muscular wall of the uterus. This misplaced tissue continues to act as it normally would during the menstrual cycle — it thickens, breaks down, and bleeds — which can cause the uterus to become enlarged and lead to uncomfortable symptoms. It is a benign (non-cancerous ) condition, but its symptoms can meaningfully impact a person’s day-to-day quality of life.
Many individuals with adenomyosis experience symptoms such as heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, severe menstrual cramps, and chronic pelvic pain. Pain during intercourse is also a common complaint, and the enlarged uterus can sometimes cause a feeling of pressure or bloating in the lower abdomen. That said, it is also possible for some people with adenomyosis to have few or no symptoms at all, with the condition only discovered when a pelvic exam or imaging reveals an enlarged, tender uterus.
An MRI is a particularly valuable tool for identifying adenomyosis. It provides detailed images of the uterine tissues, allowing doctors to clearly see the thickening of the uterine wall and the presence of endometrial tissue within the muscle. This helps to distinguish adenomyosis from other conditions with similar symptoms — such as uterine fibroids — and provides a clear picture for discussing appropriate management and treatment options.
References
- Adenomyosis – Symptoms & causes. Mayo Clinic. Published December 20, 2025. Accessed March 4, 2026. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adenomyosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20369138
- Adenomyosis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment. Cleveland Clinic. Published January 30, 2023. Accessed March 4, 2026. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14167-adenomyosis
- Schrager S, Yogendran L, Marquez CM, Sadowski EA. Adenomyosis: Diagnosis and Management. Am Fam Physician. 2022;105(1 ):33-38.
