Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune neurological disorder where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath — the protective covering of nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord. This damage disrupts communication between the brain and the rest of the body, leading to a wide range of symptoms. Common symptoms include profound fatigue, numbness or tingling sensations, vision problems such as blurred vision or optic neuritis, muscle weakness, loss of balance, and muscle spasms. Diagnosis often involves an MRI scan, which can reveal characteristic lesions, or areas of damage, in the brain and spinal cord. A contrast dye may sometimes be used during the MRI to highlight active inflammation.
